In the potentiometer experiment shown in the figure,for the position $X$ of the jockey $J$,there occurs a null deflection in the galvanometer. Then the potential difference between points $A$ and $X$ is ................ $V$.

$A$ potentiometer wire of length $100 \, cm$ has a resistance of $10 \, \Omega$. It is connected in series with a resistance $R$ and a cell of $emf$ $2 \, V$ and of negligible internal resistance. $A$ source of $emf$ $10 \, mV$ is balanced against a length of $40 \, cm$ of the potentiometer wire. What is the value of external resistance $R$?

In an experiment to find the $emf$ of a cell using a potentiometer,the length of the null point for a cell of $emf$ $1.5 \ V$ is found to be $60 \ cm$. If this cell is replaced by another cell of $emf$ $E$,the length of the null point increases by $40 \ cm$. The value of $E$ is $\frac{x}{10} \ V$. The value of $x$ is $............$

What is a potentiometer? Explain the principle of a potentiometer.

The arrangement as shown in the figure is called:

Two cells of emf $E_1$ and $E_2$ $(E_1 > E_2)$ are connected individually to a potentiometer and their corresponding balancing lengths are $625 \, cm$ and $500 \, cm$. Then the ratio $\frac{E_1}{E_2}$ is ...........